Improvement in wheel-making machine



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THOMAS C. MARSHALL AND H. W. HZ'AWKINS, OF AKRON, OHIO.

Letters Patent No. 91,649, dated June 22, 1869.

IMPROVEMENT IN WHEEL-MAKING MACHINE. r

Know all meaty. these presents 'rtawe, THOMAS cMARsHALL and H. w. Hrw- KINYS, both of Akron, in the county of Summit, and

State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Wheel-Making Machines; and we do hereby declare that the thllowi'ig is. a nil, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had'to the accompanying drawings, forming apart of this specification, in which- Figure 1 represents a'front view of our improved wheel-machine, port-ions of the frame being broken o to show the parts beyond;

Figure 2 represents a' plan view of the same, portions being broken off to show the parts beneath;

Figure A3 represents a section on line A B, hg.`1, lookingl as indicated-by the arrow;

Figure 4 represents a section on line C D, fig. 1 Figure 5 .represents a section on line E F, fig. 2, showing the cutter-diend, for backing o spokes;

' Figure (i'rcprcsents a horizontal section of the selfcent-ring chuck, on lineG, fig. 3;

Figure 7 represents a front view of the selfcentring clluck, und device used for boring felloes; and

.Figure 8 represents a plan view of the felice-block and gauges, when in position for boring.

, To enable those skilled in the art to which my invention belongs, to make and use the same, I will proceed to. describe it more in detail.

The nature of my invention consists- First, in the peculiar construction of the selfcentring chuck A, as hereinafter des een, bx heiding the hub.

Also, in the combination, with the self-centring chuck, and devices for operating the same, of the mechanism for cutting the box-seats, as hereaftersct forth.

Also, in the combination of certain devices for cutting off thespokes at the required length, and form- .ig the tenons at their ends, as hereafter explained;A

Also, in the combination, with the self'- centring chuck or other suitable device, of a device for holding and gauging the felloes during the operation of boring the same, as hereafter explained.

Also, in a peculiar-constructed gauging-device, to facilitate the proper `boring of the fclloes, as hereafter set fort-h.

Also, in the mechanism for backing oi spokes, boring dowel-pin holes in the ends of felices, and for other purposes, as hereafter' described.

Also, in the peculiar construction of cert-ain devices, hereinafter described, and in the combination of said devices, to be used in a power-machine, to facilitate the manufacture of wheels for carriages, and other pur. poses, as hereafter explained.

In the drawings- .lhe parts marked A constitute the mainframe, upon which are arranged the different 'if the maca-ine, as follows:

At the front of the frame A, secured thereto, and firmly. braced, is a table, B, projecting forward, and

'having iii-its centre a circular opening, aroundwhich,

upon the top of the table, is placed a circular self- ;entring chuck, for holding hubs while cutting the seats for the boxes. h

The chuck isformed with a bottom rim, b, secured Vfirmly to the table B, and having upon its upper side `three pairs'of guide-blocks, c, and between each pair work dogs ci, asindicated in the drawings.

The dogs d are alldirected towards one common centre, and are furnished at their inner ends with double points, so that they will retain a firm hold.

The dogs d are moved back and forth by means of curved ribs e', which fit into and slide in grooves formed in the tops ofthe dogs d, near their outer ends, asindicated in the drawings, ii'g. 6.

The curved ribs e' are fastened eccentrically to the under side of the top rim e of the chuck, and rest upon the tops of the guide-blocks c, thereby supporting the top rim e, which can be moved round by means of the handlef, carrying the ribs e'to the position shown in ned lines, fig. 6, which advances the dog d equally towards the centre. v

A pin, j', is placed in the underside of the top rim e, to prevent its swinging too far round.

The top rim is kept in place by clasps or hooks c', which project upward from. the guide-blocks, and turn at a right angle over the edge of thc rime.

Below the table B is an upright spindle, C, having at its upper end a cutter-head, D, which carries the cutters o, for forming the box-seat at the inner end of the hubs.

-'.lhe s'pindle O is supported upon a step, a', connected by a bolt, or pin, 23, to the end of the lever a, near the lower part of the machine, by which it can be raised or lowered, and turns in bearings B', upon projections of the frame A.

Above the table B is another upright spindle, E, with a cutter-head, g, at its lower end, which carries the cutters o for cutting the box-seats in the outer end of the hubs.

The spindleE turns in bearings h, u'pon projecting portions of the upright frame A'. It is supported and operated up and down by a level', F,which has attached to its forward end a fork, i, which tits into a groove formed in the upper end of the spindle E; also,

a metallic plate, j, that rests upon the top of' the bearing, h', on the iame. A', .and its lower end ou a frame at m', and extending to the ti'ontA ofA the `machine, and by which the pulley can be raised or defor Vthe s arne purpose;

The lever 'F is connected by'a cord, chain, or rod, b', to the lever a at the lower part of the machine, by means'of which the upper spindle E canv be depressed, andthe lower spindle O raised at the same time, by pressing the foot upon the treadle lG, to which the rear'end of lever a is joined by the connection G', as fully indicated in the drawings.

The moiion'is imparted to the spindles O and E through their pulleys O and E, by belts I, from pulleys 1' upon the, upright shaft H, at the back of the machine, one of the belts I being crossed for the purpose of driving the cutter-heads D and g in opposite directions. V

The upper end of the upright shaft'H runs in a step, 1projecting from the main frame A.

V1t has near its lower end a driving-pulley, H', fitted loosely upon the shaft, and supported by a movable collar, which is attached, by means of the fork m, to the rear end of a long lever, J, pivoted to the main pressed. n

.At the top end of the hub of the pulley H', are

formed notches, which, as the pulley is raised, engage with pins fixed in the shaft H, thereby turning the .shaft H, and other parts of the machine belted thereto, but whenV the pulley is depressed, the notches fall below the pins, and the shaft H is not acted upon.

The pulley H is-retained in a mised position by means of therright-angled catch J which holds down the end of lever J.

A:Motion is transmitted to pulleyH from pulley 4, upon the main sha-ft K, by means of a belt, L.

The cutter-heads D and g are -made hollow, and have threads cut on their inner snrfaces,-to -it int-o siinilarthreads cutonthe ends of the spindles O and E, upon which they are screwed, rings or flanges heilig made upon the spindles, to prevent them from entering the heads too far.

Ringsbr anges, 'u n', are also formed around the cutter-heads l) and g, that strike the ends of the hubs when the box-seatsare cut to the required depth, and prevent the cutters zo. from entering further.

c The main shaft K extends the` length of the main frame A, upon the, lower part of which lit is' supported and turns in suitable he.....'iags. It lslpro; vided with a loose pulley, 1, and driving-pulley 2, through whiclrthe power is applied to the machine, and'also with other pulleys, 3, 4, 5, and 6, for transmitting motion to the other parts of the machine, as hereafter explained.

At the lleft-hand end of the main frame A, is a table, M, having in its central parta slot, through which passes the shank of'the centre-pin p, and the bolt 'o that holds the chuck-seat N, both being secured at the under side of the table M, by the nuts p and N. Metallic plates d and d' are arranged at each side of the slot, to prevent -too rapid wearing of the parts.

The chuck-seat N' is formed to receive a chucklike the one on the table B, ,for the purpose of holding the Wheels in a horizontal position upon the table M, or they may be placed on the centre-pin p, which is used At the top of the main frameA, near the left-hand end of the macl1ine,.is a plattbrrn, P, upon which the sppkes of the wheels rest, while they are being sawed f -otl and their tenons formed.

The spokes are heldin position, while cutting the tenons, by a hand-lever, P', fastened at its rear end to the back part of the platform P by a swivel, q.

The hand-lever has in its leuter-side a notch, fr,

which fits the spokes,` and by pressing it down upon them, they are prevented from slipping either way.

At the right-hand edge of the platform P is arranged a circular saw, S, upon the end of an arbor, Q, which runs in 'bearings s, supported by the frame R, and which is driven by the belt Q' from pulley 6, upon the main shaft K.

.lhe frame R is hinged to thetop rail of the 'main frame A, at the back of the machine, and can be raised to bring the saw Sinto working-position, and lowered to carry the saw S out `of the way, when the hollow auger T is to be used for cut-ting the tenons at the ends of the spokes, to receive the felloe.

The shank of the hollow auger T is fitted into the end of an arbor, T', and is secured by a set-screw, o. The arbor T runs in bearings s', supported in a similar manner to those of the saw-arbor by the frame R', hinged to the main frame A, at thc-.back of the inachine, by th'e hinges x, whereby the auger may be lowered, as indicated by red lines in lig. 3 of the drawings.

A gauge-collar, t, is placed upon the arbor T', that strikes against the sideof the bearing s' as the auger is moved forward, and regulates the length of the tenon.

cut.

The arbor 1" has upon it a pulley, U, and is driven by a belt, U,`from pulley 5 upon the main shaft K.

At vthe opposite end of arbor T' from the auger T, is arranged a level', V, extending across the machine, its rear end secured to the upright frame A by a strip ofinetal, t, and its fi'ont end fitted to slide in a horizontal groove in the gude-blockV'. lt is connected to the -end of the arbor T' by a metallic plate, w, the edges of which are bent over and fitted into a groove Aformed in the end ofthe arbor T', in suoli a manner that the'latter can slide up and down with the movement of the fiam'e It', and still be retained by the edges of the plate w. i

The lever V is att-ached to a treadle, Z, by rods and cord y, which passes over a'pulley, y', tixed in the top rail of the main frame A, as fullyindicated in the drawings.

By pressing the foot upon the treadle Z, the auger '1 is moved forward, and when the pressure is removed, the auger T and arborT' are thrownback bya eoiledwire spring, 7 placed around the end of the arbor T', upon which it acts with its expansive three, by one of its ends rest-ing against the bearing s', and the other against a collar, o', fixed-'to the arbor T.

At the right-hand end of the machineis arranged a cutter-bead, W, to be used for backing off spokes, and

other purposes. It is fastened to the end of an arbor, K', Vthatturns in bearings 8, supported by the frame 1i?, which is hinged in like manner to the others, at the back of the machine, to the main frame A', so that it may be lowered and raised. The arbor K is turned by a belt, M', from the pulley 3 upon the main shaft K. The cutter-head is constructed as shown in the drawings, and furnished with knives 9.

In the end of the arbor, at the centre of theV cut- A ter-.head W, is fitted a bit, l0, for boring holes in the ends of felloes to receive the dowel-pins, and suitable gauges, 1l and 12, are arranged upon the bed-piece L', between4 which the end ofthe felloe is placed while it is being bored.

An adjustable gauge, 13, is also fastened to the bedpiece L', to be used with the cutter-head W. It can be moved back and forward, or swung around to any desired position.

The bed-piece L'is secured, by a hinge, l', to the back part of the main frame A, so that it can be easily raised, to .get any parts of the machine beneath.

The swinging frames It, R, and It, have handles, 14, projecting through the front of the machine, by which they can be raised and lowered. They are retained in position, when raised, by spring-catches 15, that hold them up, and by projections 16, upon the main frame A, that prevent any side-motion, sadpro jections being fitted into spaces inthe frottfpart of the swing-frames R, R, and 1t? to receive them, all of which is fully indicated in the drawings.

Forzboring mortises in felloes, a block, D', is used, having a cylindrical base, E2, which ts into the self- Acentrhug; chuck upon the table B.

The top ofthe block' D' is hollowed, to fit the curve of the felloe F', and has, at the back side, a iiange, 17, against Awhich the felloes are placed.

In rear ofthe ange ,1-7, secured by a set-screw, 18, are three adjustable gauges, the points, 19, 20, 21, Qt;

which'extend forward to the centre of the felloe F'.

which operation raises the pulley H', so that the notches on its'hub engage with the. pins on shaft H, thereby setting it, with the upright spindles C and-E, in motion. The hub to be operated on is placed in the chuck upon table B, 'with its inner or larger end downward, and the handle f drawn 'toward the trent, turning the top rim 'e and curved ribs e', therebyransing the dogs d tomove forward, which seize and hold the hub directly over the centre of the opening in the table B, with itsv axis in iine with the axis of the cutter-heads D and g and-spindles O and E. Then, by pressing with the foot upon the treadle G, the spindle C and cutter-head D are raised, and spindle E and cntter-head g are lowered, cutting into theI hubs until the iianges n and a' strike the ends thereof. The pressure is then removed from the treu-dic G, and the spindles and cutter-heads carried back to-their former positions by the spring,7c, at the top ofthe spindle E, after which, by moving back the handle f, the hub is removed, and the operation of cutting the box-seats completed.

After thespokes have been driven into thc hnh, the wheel is placed upon the centre-pin p, at the left-hand end ot' the machine, said pin' being set so that the distance ti'om the centre of the pin pto the saw S is equal tothe required radius of the wheel.

By means of its handle 14, the swing-frame R is raised, and the saw brought into working-position. Then, by turning the wheel upon the pin'p, the spokes may beall sawed oli at the right length.

1n lieu of the centre-pill 1I, a Chuck placed upon the chuck-seat N may be used, if desirable, the seatbeing set at the proper distance from theysav.

:Alter the spokes have been sawed oli', the left-hand spring 15 is drawn back, and the frame R lowered, which takes the saw down out of the way-y. and, by

raising the frameR, the hollow auger is brought upl into working-position. The gauge-collar t, upon 'the arbor T', is set so that it will strike the bearing s', when the ten'ou is cut to the right length. The spokes are then held by thchanddever P', by placing the notch r upon the spokes, and pressing it on to the platform?. Then, by pressing the foot on' the'treadle, Z, the hollow auger -T is moved forward,'andcuts the tenons. c

When the collar t-strikes the' bearing s', the pressure of the bot upon vthe treadle Zl is removed, and the auger T is' thrown back by the spring, 7, at the opposite end of thearbor T'.

By turning the wheel upon the pin p, each spoke is brought into line, and the operation repeated until the tenons upon all arecut.

To bore the felloes, the cutter-head g is removed from the upright spindle E, and a bit, 22, inserted in the endhot' said spindle. The bolt 23, that connects the step a', 'at the lower end of spindle C, to the lever a, is removed, and the lower belt I thrown o from the pulley 1', at the back of `the machine, thus prefoot upon treadle G, thel bit 22 is broughtdown, and,

the spindle E being in motion, a hole or mortise, 24, isfbored. The pressure is then removed from .the trea'dle G, the bit is drawn out by the springk, and the felloeis moved along to the right, until the centre of the hole justbored isat the second right-hand A gauge-point 21, as indicated by red lines in iig. 8, when the bit is again brought down, boring a 4seeoiulhole or mortise, In like manner, the operation is repeated until the last hole in the felloe is bored, when, without moving it further, the felloe` is marked to he cut oli' at the left-hand gauge-point 1 9, which completes the operation of boring the holes or mortises.-

' After the ends ofthe felloes ,have been cut oii', the holes for the dowelspins are bored,'by inserting the ends of the felloes between the guards 1l and 12, as indicated-by red lines, g. 2, where they are bored by the bit, 10, at the right-hand end of the machine.

l The square tenons upon the spokes are backed off, to give thc desired draught, by placing them against the gauge 13, upon the table L', where they are shaved oi` by'fthe knives 9,- secured to the cutter-head W, which may also be used for a great variety lof other works besides backing spokes.

In lieu of the'boring-block used for boring felloes, a flat table may he placed in the chuck at the front of the machine, and, by the use of different bits, the machine may be used for great variety of work.

lhe motion of the upright spindles O and E is stopped by raising the lever J, which releases the pul ley H' from the clutch-pins on the shaft H.

-To stop either the upper or lower spindle, the belt which operates it is thrown olf from its pulley at the back of the machine.

lThe arbors Q, Tf, and K are stopped by lowering their respective frames, R, It', and R2, which loosens their respective belts, and started by again raising them to their working-positions, thereby using no more power than is necessary to run the parts in actual operation.

The self-centring chuck may be used in machines for other purposes thanmaking wheels.

By the foregoing description, it will be seen that we have constructed a machine that will greatly facilitate the putting up of wheels'from stock as purchased from the manuacturers-a machine simple in its construction, convenient in its arrangement, andreliable in its operation; one thatv requires .but little power to run it, and is adapted to a .great variety of work, thereby rendering it very desirable to personsengaged in thel manufacture of wheels and carriages, or other similar kinds vof work.

Havn g described our improvements in machines for making wheels, A

What we cla-im therein as new, and of our invention, and desire to securefby Letters Patent, is

1. The arrangement of the rim b, which supports and guides the chuck-dogs d, the hooks e', and top rim e, provided with cnrvedribsA e', and handlev j, when said parts are constructed and 'operated substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

i 2. The combination, with the self-centring chuck, of the spindles C E, with their cutter-heads D g, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination, with the spindles O E, of the levers F a, treadle G, rod b', spring k, and fork t', substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. The combination, with lever a and spindle C, of

the step a' and bolt-23, substaniialiy. as and f the purposes set forth.

5. The'. combination, with spindles Cy E, of lever a F, treadleV G, rod b', and shaft H, provided with pul- Vley I', said part-s being arranged, in relation to each other, s ubstantiallygas and for the purposes set forth..

l6. The combination, with the qplatform P, of the slotted tableM, provided with hub-supporting device or devices, as stated oi the swinging'frame R, with the saw S, substantially as" and for the purposes seti'orth.

7. Thegoombination, with the platform P, of the hnbfsupporting device, sliding hollow auger T, and swivelled hand-lever Pf, substantiallyas and for the purposes set forth..

8. Thel combination, with the sliding arbor T', of

the swinging frame it* ,and lever- 17, provided with a `iianged plate, lw, substantially as and for. thelpurpo'ses set forth.

.. 49. Tile combination, with the arbor T', hollow auger 'Land lever V,of the collars t c' and spring 7, ar-' ranged and operating as and forthe purposes stated.

10. 'lhe-A employment, in connection with the self'- loentring chuck, ofthe iianged and concaved block D',

provided with a. base E2, asand for the purposes setforth'.

11. The combination, with the flange 17, on block D', of the gangesli), 20, 21, as and for the purposes set forth.

12. The combination, with thearhor K', cutterhead 1V, and doweliing-bit 10, of the gauges 11, 12, and .13, orV either, substantially as and for the purposes set forth,

13. The combination, with the swinging frame R2 and swing-table L', of the 'arbor K', cutter-head W,

dowelling-bit 10, and gauges-11, 12, and 13,`armnged and operating substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

14. A machine for facilitating the manufacture of wheels forcarrages, andother purposes, the parts of which are constructed andparra'nged in relation to each other, and operating substantially asshown and described.

T. 0. MARSHALL. Witnesse` H. W. HAWKINS.

W. M. CUNNINGHAM, H. R. Hmvms. 

